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The disturbing development of gonorrhea and syphilis persists. The number of chlamydia is increasing, especially among young people. However, the number of HIV cases detected continues to decline. Shows the annual report on the frequency of reported STIs that were reported to the National Institute of Public Health in 2019.
The new data appears in 2019 Annual Report Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance , which is published annually by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH).
Behavior change, consistent condom use, and frequent and targeted testing are necessary to successfully reduce the incidence of all sexually transmitted infections, says senior adviser Øivind Nilsen of NIPH.
Gonorrhea is still at a high level
In 2019, 1703 cases of gonorrhea were reported in Norway, compared with 1659 cases in 2018.
Here are the details of gonorrhea for 2019:
- Gonorrhea was diagnosed in 1327 men and 376 women.
Men: 970 were infected homosexually, 355 were infected heterosexually, and for two men the sexual practice was unknown.
Women: 375 were infected heterosexually, while one woman said she was infected by another woman. - 54 percent of people who got gonorrhea lived in Oslo.
- 67 percent of those who got gonorrhea were born in Norway.
Less gonorrhea among men who have sex with men
After several years of continuous increase, the incidence of gonorrhea in 2019 has slightly decreased among men who have sex with men, but remains high. Gonorrhea continued to increase in 2019 among heterosexual men and women.
. Most women with gonorrhea are infected heterosexually
Among women, the number of reported cases of gonorrhea has increased tenfold in ten years, and among those who are heterosexually infected, more cases are now detected in women than in men. The situation in Norway follows the international trend with gonorrhea growing rapidly in many western countries.
Gonorrhea, which is resistant to antibiotics, is a growing problem. There is now great international concern about the resistance situation due to the increasing incidence of gonorrhea.
"We are concerned that the trend with the high incidence of gonorrhea continues," says Øivind Nilsen.
Fig. 1. Gonorrhea cases reported to MSIS 1993–2019 by year of diagnosis, type of infection, and gender.
Slight decrease in infections from syphilis
In 2019, 206 cases of syphilis were diagnosed, compared with 231 cases in 2018. The cases are split between 192 men and 14 women.
In the late 90s, the incidence of syphilis among men who had sex with men increased significantly in Norway. The number of cases in this group increased between 2005 and 2018, from 17 to 205 cases, while the proportion of those infected decreased slightly in 2019. During this time, 171 cases were reported - 83 percent of the total number infected.
Most men who have sex with men are infected with casual sex in Oslo, but the development in recent years with more infections in the rest of Norway continues. People are particularly infected in larger cities or on holiday trips to large European cities. Nilsen says that in this group, immigrant men and HIV-positive people are at particular risk of contracting syphilis.
. Among heterosexual women and men, the incidence of syphilis is now much higher than it was a decade ago, but has remained fairly stable in recent years.
Figure 2. Syphilis reported by MSIS 1993–2019 by year of diagnosis, type of infection, and gender.
HIV infection continues to decline
The downward trend in reported HIV cases will continue in Norway in 2019. This is especially true for men who have sex with men while living in Norway. In Norway, 172 HIV-positive people were reported, compared to 191 cases in 2018. In Norway, a total of 6641 HIV-positive people were reported.
Among those who were heterosexually infected, HIV rates have not changed much since 2018 - but both among those who were heterosexually infected during their stay in Norway and among those who were heterosexually infected before arriving in Norway, HIV rates have declined in recent years.
There is still a stable, low incidence of HIV among people taking medications with syringes, women born in Norway and young people In Norway.
Men who have sex with men and heterosexual men traveling abroad, especially in Southeast Asia, remain the most at risk of HIV infection.
Figure 3. HIV infection in Norway reported MSIS 1984–2019 by year of diagnosis and risk group.
Chlamydia infection is increasing, especially among the young people
The reported incidence of chlamydia increased annually from the turn of the millennium to 2008. However, it remained stable with little change over the next ten years - but in 2019, 28 cases were diagnosed, representing 466 cases per 534 inhabitants. This is an increase of 100 percent over 000. And the highest recorded number of chlamydia cases in history.
The increased chlamydia count is likely due to the combination of more people tested and more people actually infected, says Øivind Nilsen.
- We are seeing a particular increase in the 20-24 age group, he adds.
Here are the hard facts for 2019 and development over time:
- Almost 60 percent of people diagnosed with chlamydia are women. It is like in previous years.
- Those under the age of 25 accounted for 66 percent of all cases - 73 percent for women and 55 percent for men.
- In 2007–2018, women aged 20–24 had the highest percentage of diagnoses of chlamydial infections. Then women aged 15–19 and men aged 20–24.
- The number tested in 2019 was 386,978, an increase of 6,3 percent compared to 2018.
- In 2019, 7,8 percent of respondents were diagnosed with chlamydia.
It varies a lot between counties
There is significant variation in the reported incidence of chlamydia between counties. But the number diagnosed relative to the population varied slightly from year to year in different counties. In the last three years highest rate diagnoses of chlamydia infection were observed in Oslo. And its growth has been significant over the last ten years.
- It is important that sampling for chlamydia is directed at groups at risk of infection. Mostly sexually active men and women under the age of 25, says Øivind Nilsen.
Lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV) slightly downward
In 2019, 27 LGV cases were reported in Norway, compared with 44 in 2018. All cases in 2019 were men who had sex with men.
LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by infection with a different serotype of chlamydia bacteria than a common infection. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has provided data on LGV monitoring since 2012. The number of cases reported annually ranged from 13 to 44.
NHI Source
